PSG has now won the season-opening cup on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
However, Marseille struck twice late to seize a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to complete a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.